After a 1946 inactivation of Battery A, 77th Field Artillery Battalion, the battalion was reconstituted 20 December 1956 in the Regular Army as Battery A, 634th Field Artillery Rocket Battalion, and activated 1 January 1957 at Fort Hood, Texas. 

The unit was reorganized and redesignated 25 June 1958 as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 1st Missile Battalion, 77th Artillery (organic elements constituted 1 June 1958 and activated 25 June 1958).  The battalion inactivated 25 June 1959 in Germany.  

The 1st Missle Battalion, 77th Artillery (Inactive in Germany - 1959) was redesignated 1 July 1960 as the 1st Howitzer Battalion, 77th Artillery, assigned to the 1st Cavalry Division, and activated in Korea. They were redesignated 1 September 1963 as the 1st Battalion, 77th Artillery.

They deployed to Vietnam in September - October 1965.